Report of Earhart Search, 2-18 July 1937

NW 90261  ' ’.'.c aW. jiCA’9 ClT'.Ct FKv" RiPOKf < ''-'-I LAKKAKf 5EAKCH 0.5.KAVy AND 0.5. C0A5| GOARD 2-16 JQL^ \^2ri NW 90261 NW 90261 NW 90261 NW 90261  RD14/a16-3/(095) /r- OFFICE OF THE COMMANDANT FOURTEENTH NAVAL DISTRICT PEARL HARBOR, T. H. JUL 311937 Fi FiTurttei.fch DiJitrlct, The Chief of Kavel Operi:tlorii>. of Scorch, i-lb July, 1JS7. L-lCiO- Li^pfcteh file. V--) CoiiEamidhLLi officer, Co:.\,^fc Gu-ii.rd C;..tuc;r, xIauXJA, rCi>o2’t. (l) Fhoto,stst Xx,ih?Ch iraCii C^xart. i^:) CoKiiaer^lf’ UBh Wy rexi-ort, Piioto3t:.t COLOf-ilX) Tr^iCi* Ch.;o”t, ■^..eet i, ^F) « (I R « fc. (Oj Piiotoovafc UtK. hh^iS freed Clirrt. Piiof U4> Lf Ukii- Ti^iisCA- (l) Photostat bw.- hrriTOii I'rrcx Chart. ta 7 Pik-O Lf Oot<'t Cab irf'-Oja Cia^T t (h) Coiffisirihiiiy LIZXhGiOS Group . e.-ort. ■i ^9 X t a, tl k .» cT O'OH 4, L Tl v tl 1 .f -.i-i •>. 4 cciS j.orlCk, aa i'^c * i.ilnGi' 5 t loco, ■ July (isone—xiaas-L Cti .« --X-ihi-C" '.-. .400, 1 July, tid Isluxid. Thv fli,-ht .. s yaaraeC. by she Lh-u { , - . i. , '„ ■ ak ., ■■ * X■"’ -' . t J. ,■'* a.'"kxa. ' L ^sis- ; lO xXi V Oa Li^i .'■Akk* by thv V.’■. C • kJ . C . i i , C A a t LLm .i 'Uk'X * X'kU b a a» jO-* i. a£> oii t .■• ■ t a ’>11 xXC.™* fra'. a.-i,i ne sad honslulu to ;a&i‘d the rext Ic;^ of the j.ir xit» A-ucept ior t,e£: sei’vxces tiis C««ii’....Xh riiti tlie •..’! d. r.u ve.etiker resorts froa the fleet xhr Bese, Pearl RsrCor, th< kh,yy h.i:-d no coih.ectfuii xith the fli Cit. at 1100, h July, infos'u exon vaa received th:! s.f the fix >.t ^ss U". 'l.xhit, uh shortly theT^-^.fter t... ...b ( vn„„, bel'feveh th he A t 14100 thC Ccia;... .ndent th the Li*, 4^-incexhi t s'orce c id.ioi „tL ffich > ■':ir9 .LU .■ t -i -O is. ’? 1 •? ^tetisnu .i> i:-e.x ,xixn ters ux 3vii: ble .or .-ehreh aparetion la L;iv t it-ht -.regt , ,.. ).k'! ■U. GlXk . h ?Ef ..u.> ilxne eos-ld rosch fov:! wi Ixluu * iU Lin'k.. r ,VOXu‘'a' ■ coni c :.Trj out Ixiited cxexsit .one, OLs- 5P. V^5;X1 Tht. fex.;.,..? iiiforueC, air -Ct eh t a lit sx the i’ tcenth I*. fr». . AF •t i \3'- Al ./ NW 90261  ject I^^AcX i^lijirlct to usfj iJtl -A'’:,U.aole fc.ciXXcl..^ in t..’;, •jeurch# Accorain^y. it ■ deciasd to ciep< fcch ^H:..pl'ine to Lo’vXtinu ai.c. et o Jul/j, pfetwl pi^nc bieutexi Oit V.. ^ . Harvey, co:Mdin^, Gep«,rt<,:d Pearl Haebor Hov.l<^nc -uo IiAiCa elrected to otand by at norXend to tend tne ^/'Xcoie and tne 6¥r^i to .xrocG&d toward no?l;.nd» , , . i.* , , yroaytly approved t.x -r.:eoia.andr.tton It' t'icn In Honooixli’ ^ be oivertod iron }..cr join the searea, ioid the OjWt.<-DO nt ,-ll;';j ,.' July, omex'fG to yx'oeood, fueled* Xc ar officer, hi. > CjW^uXQ, prior to hirngprrc- iTuai resi-ia navoor, ae "■^'i yivtii all inforssation t;_or ;.v'jXl— it was agroi d that die C0Lvh*E-0 should firot ti.v wO^.- wt - .UfcXiZ’onv froa cOvXxviu arid ti»o fiiocnla iol;oico* '^* iiit pjitrol pli-iiO, c0ufc«<'.naed Litoxttn’inxt by th& follo^xng pcrsorutcl, px'oceedec tov&rd ilo''.l ;nd L*-iOjgn t.i<; iiXjpxt oi :,—o July, contacting the ^UAH enroute on P ■- ■■ »w>M, ■■■iM'.Mii lit I ■■ ■••-■■-Tr «l r- i y« iMw ■' lliir Mi I .II I Lieutfcuojifc i. »■ , Harvey, coi^raLX^^ing, I4A ■ U' C • iSi. ■» •i^X'hAxl O hivutenant (jg) k, o, Lytle Aviation Coast V. * Oiolth ■ • C* Curry, * a * ^■- oC’Or^iai dk *k- *..■* iitte. * t>K’ tt HA « n •?*»*"? o ' "•■' I n, • w S * » i X o.’9 ■•’1' ' '^- ■'■ ■ •_• ?>*•»•»•• i i •' V , z * i *i^ «6 ". ''« XZ At oexO, o Jiily, i»i’-xuts,ni,.*; t Luj’vay r'oxort&c; i003 ji^ji.'xXX*' .£'"' w k 1#X X X oXi Xjti . i 0 ‘1 XiVit t/ 1 1^ "*00 **-k-iildx* '*-*.,■» .'U-JX\d X-*-: .jh-*- -■ ■!■ 1 th... . *1 .zip A jkiffa.*-® iOOO AHD 1a:000 Fid .> -A.\i/X'..: X' J, -i ..XUd Xj’I dK Dliljd O IdOOO -ih iiii o. 'M'; i li X'\;a '...‘'I L-Om-uUL VeSk-jCio ■'■tyZ’<e: diiiipsit clif.'-.* PCi-rl li'.rtxj* to - ut, ■ d the it turn ilight of pl^ne t-?~i uz caoe of iutl snhuu;.ti.?n, but txiO ps'udfc-iice &hi.XX q1‘ ^jv-rsonnvl o.. i«-ly tttu.vn<-?d Inc* NW 90261 Subject! Report of Earhart Search, 2-18 July, 1937. plane to Pearl Harbor at 1926, 3 July, after being in the air for 24 hours and 5 minutes and flying approximately 2570 sea miles. Faultless two-way comnunlcation was maintained through¬ out the flight of the plane; navigation was accurate, as evl- deneed by contacts with surface vessels and landfall, all of which occurred ireoisely on schedule. This performance of duty reflects great credit on Lieutenant Harvey and the officers and men of his crew, 7. The Department inquired as to the feasibility of seaplane search operations basing on Johnston Island. The CosBoandant considered this Impracticable, due to the 2200 mile turn around between Howland and Johnston Islands and stated that if a more extensive search than possible with the COLORADO, ITASCA, and SWAN were desired, a carrier would be the most practicable and efficient unit. 0, The LEXINGTON Group was organized on 4 July, consist¬ ing of the LEXINGTON, LAM50N, DRAYTON, CUSHING, and PEMING {the last vessel was later detached from the group, due to machinery trouble). Under comouind of Captain J. S. Dowell, Commander, Destroyer Squadron Two, this group was expeditiously assembled and departed for Hawaii, for fuel, thence to proceed to the search area. 9. The ITASCA meanwhile had resumed her search operations la the vicinity of Howland Island, as shown in her report end trach chart. The difficulties confronting her may be inferred from the following dispatches: FROM! ITASCA TO ! COMMA viSEC INFO: COMFRAIWIV 6002 YOUR 6002 1401 WS HAVE HAD NO POSITIONS CiWA SPEHDS COMKA OR COURSES FROM EARHARTS PLANS EXCEPT SO CALLSD LINS 0? POSITION AT 0843 ■^UCH HAD NO REF::RENCE POINT PEIUOD SHE GAVE U3 KONE OF HSR BEARINGS PERIOD BDLIEVB SUB PASSED TO NORTH AND ^5T OF ISI.AND ABOUT 0800 AND IHGSSD IT IN THS GLARE OF RISING SUN THOUGH O WERE SMOKING KSAVILY AT THAT TIME PERIOD JUDGE SHE CAME XWN DETWSN AND 90 FROM HOWLAND and WITHIN 100 MILES PERIOD HAVE BROADCAST AS INDICATED 1402 - 3 - NW 90261  Sub Ject : Report of Sarhart Search, 8-lQ July, 1937, FROM: ITASCA TO ; COMSATTFRASCISCO DI7N INFO: COMHAWN SECTION 6002 ...SARHART ONLY ACKNOWLEDGED RECEIVING ITASCA SIGNaI>S ONCE AND DID NOT ANSWER questions AS TO POSITION COURSE SxEUD OR EXPECTED TIMS ARRIVAL PERIOD SARHART USED VOICE ENTIRI’LY STATIC INTERFSRSNCE HEAVY AND ITASCA HSCfJ’TION-FRAmNTARY IN EARLY HOURS ,194S The ITASCA was covering an area along the probabla earhart track when apparehtly reliable radio intercepts indicated that the Earhart plane was 281 ailes north of Howland. Th© SWAN was approaching that vicinity enroute to Howland and was directed to conduct coordinated search with the ITASCA. The steaashlp MOORSBY also joined in the fruitless search of this area, 10. On 6 July, ths Cosasandant, Fourteenth Naval District, was directed to take charge of all naval forces engaged in the search. The ITASCA was also directed by Coast Guard Headquarters , to operate under the Commandant’ s authority. Accordingly, th© Commanding Officer, USS COLORADO, then approaching the ai«a, was directed to take charge of all vessels in the area and conduct a coordinated search until the arrival of Coaaaander, Destroyer Squadron Two, when the latter would take over coamand. 11, The details of the search were left to the discre¬ tion of th® CoBBMinding Officer, USS COLORADO. The decision to search the quadrant southeast from Rowland and the Phoenix Islands still appeared to be sound. The search was conducted as shorn in the Coiaaianding Officer, USS COLORADO, report, enclosure (D). No evidence of th© flyers or their plane was found. However, by eliminating that quadrant, the LEXINGTON Group was later enabled to plan and execute a more practicable and more extensive search of the western semicircle from Howland. 12. In order to release the COLORADO at the earliest practicable date, it was decided that she should complete the search of the Phoenix Island and vicinity, then proceed to ren¬ dezvous with and fuel the LEXINGTON Group destroyers. This was done on 12 July and the COLORADO released from further duty in connection with the search. Ths result of her operations was definitely to establish that neither the plan® nor its passen¬ gers wore ashore in the Phoenix Group and therefore that they were not on any known land within 450 miles of Howland end that they were not afloat in the extensive areas searched by the ship and her three seaplanes. The duty was efficiently performed under NW 90261 Sub Jeot J Report of Earhart Search, 2-lQ July» 1937. condltioae of con ide r able hazard, duo to the inadequacy of eurveye of the waters traversed. During the period of his eom~ Band of the searehlns force, the Coanandln'? Officer of the COLORADO, Captain W. L. Friddell, exercised sound judgeiaoat and effective direction of the units at his disposal, 13, While the LEXINGTON Group was fueling at Lahaina and Pearl Harbor, the Coraaaadant held a conference with the Comender, Destroyer Squadron Two, the Cowjsading Officer of the LEXIHQTON, and senior eomanders in the District at which all available infonaatlon and studies of the weather and probable location of the Earhart plane were mado svallable to the LEXINGTON Gropp. Th© daily search plan for the LEXINGTON Giroup was subsaitted and accepted. The details of the studies ©nd assumptions ar® included in t^ioso set forth in coiaiaander, LEXINGTON Group report, enclosure (K), and are omitted from thia report for the sake of brevity* 14, Commander, Destroyer Squadron Two, took over com¬ mand of all units in the search area on 11 July end put into effect his search plan, baaad on the information available up to that time cad subject to certain limitations of fuel and endurance of the vessels in his com&nd* The LEXINGTON was •required to complete the operation end return to th© West Coast with the fuel on board. The ITASCA and SWAN could operate until 16 July and reach Honolulu without refueling. The des¬ troyers could Batch the LEXINQ CON’S time limit. There was thus an absolute maximum of nine successive days for opera¬ tions in the search area. Prudence dictated a reduction of this time to sovon days* operations in order to provide a reserve. In order to insure an efficient search despite Bon» anticipated bad weather, th® Coxamandant directed that the plan provide for not more than seven days of searching and Bbo sub¬ sequently directed that it terialnate on 18 July, if good weather prevailed on 18 and 18 July, otherwise th© search should end on 19 July. The Commander, Destroyer Squadron Two, accordingly laid out and executed his plan of search, as shown in his re¬ port attached. NW 90261 Subject: Report of Sarhart Search, S-18 July, 1937. X . The details of the pies and the reasons for Its various provisions were sound and met with the full approval of the Ccxosandant. Ths ops ration was well oonocived and skillfully executed. It reflects great credit on the Seai*ch Commander, Captain J. S, Dowell, and on the oosamending officers, officers, and crews of the vessels and plane squadrons under his command. U . •Hie performance of duty of the Ocmmandlng Officer of the Coast Guard Cutter ITASCA, Cemmander.W. 1. Thompson, U.S.C.G., has been ocaaaended by letter to his isaiediate superior. His intelligent and zealous conduct of the initial phase the search under most trying conditions deserves especial com¬ mendation. Ilia reports, together with the wholehearted co¬ operation of the Commander, Hawaiian Section, U. S, Coast Guard, were of great assistance to the subsequent conduct of operations by the Mvy. The performance of the ITASCA was excellent in all respects throughout the flight end the search. Careful study of all ooaaaunications and other information pertaining to the flight, and the preparations therefor, indicate clearly that the ITASCA left nothing undcae to insure the safe comple¬ tion of the Earhart flight. I7 , The WS SWi was th® smallest vessel engaged in the search and the last to return to port, Che was at sea for thirty-seven days during uhich she steamed approximately 7,000 isiles* Despite the onerous (derating conditions Involving short¬ age of provisions and supplies, aha carried out all assigned duties in a jaemner reflecting great credit on the commanding officer. Lieutenant H. MacCcasey, the officers and crew. During her entire cruise there occurred no machinery failure nor a single sick day. IS. It is moat gratifying that there occurred no serious injury to men or material in the very extensive and scaae times hazardous operations of ships and planes. 18. To Summarize briefly: The Initial phase of the search was based on the ITASCA’S well /Reasoned belief that the plane was north of and fairly near Howland. A reasonably ocoplete search of this area was made on 2-3 July. Then, on the strength of radio intercepts which appeared too reliable to be ignored, the search shifted to the westward and then 281 allies to north¬ ward of Howland. Both areas were searched without success and subsequent analysis discredits the radio intercepts on which this search was based. The second phase of the search moved to the south¬ eastern quadrant on the basis of radio intercepts and bearings and other oonslderaticns which indicated the plane was on land and probably in the Phoenix Islands. With this assumption NW 90261 Subject: Report of Earhart search, 2-18 July, 1937, eliminated, the third phase was logically based on the assump¬ tion that the plane had landed in the water probably within two hundred miles of Howland and that the subsequent drifd of wreck or boat would have moved well to the westward and north¬ westward in the 11 day interval prior to arrival of the LSXIHO- TON. The USXINCTON Group covered an area approximately 300 miles square to the west and northwest of Howland which Included all probable positions of plane or passengers if afloat. As an additional but unlikely possibility the Gilbert Islands were searched. It is regretably unreasonable to con¬ clude other than that th® unfortunate fliers were not abowe water upon conclusion of the search. Mlles steamed by vessels enroute to and during the search 48,000 Mlles flown by planes 149,000 Plane hours in air 1,654 Square miles searched: By vessels 94,800 By aircraft 167 .481 TOTAL 20. Due to the geographic location of the search area and the ccaaposltloa of the force, certain features of the search were of outstanding interest: The extensive weather and current data should pvove a valuable contribution to our knowledge of ths area. It is believed that the plan used by the LBXINGTOH and her squadrons Is unique, and was particularly well designed for the management of widely separated forces and for com¬ munications concerning the operation. The experience in false messages, Interference, and confusion on critical frequencies Indicates the need for some provision for authoritative control of such frsquenoles la emergency. Obviously, such realistic radio programs as the March of Time should not be broadcast when they may affect re¬ lief measures In progress. If the Mavy or the Coast Guard are to bo Involved In future private transocean flights, the licensing authority for such flights should bo provalled upon to require from the fliers a spoolflo minimum performance in giving to those con¬ cerned reliable information prior to and during ths progress of the flight. NW 90261 Subject: Report of Earhart Search, 2-18 July, 1S37. 21. It may be assuaed tliet the Navy will bo called upon to attempt rescue of crew and passengers of a transpacific clipper should one unfortunately be forced down at sea. Plans for coordinated rescue effort in the havzaiien Area have been under consideration for the last several months. They provide for joint action by local agencies of the Navy, Coast Guard, and Pan-American Airvsays. The greater part of the transpacific air route is beyond the effective radius of local forces. Therefore, it would appear desirable to provide taoitative plans for such rescue effort by units of the Fleet as may be anticipat¬ ed. 22. Dispatches of particular interest are included in Enclosure (A); they were selected from a total of 385 dispatches concerning the search. 23. There are appended reports of th© Ccaamanding Officer U.G.C.O.C, ITACCA; Commending Officer, USS COLORADO ; and Comman¬ der, Destroyer Squadron Two, together with track charts of the vessels and planeo participating in the search. 0, G. imEFIN. Copies to: CcEfflisnder-in-Chief U.S. Fleet (2). Ccandr. Hawaiian Section, U.S. Coast Guard Comdr. Fleet Air Base, Pearl Harbor. 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Li^XIiHLTOK _ _ INFO: • COMLATFuKj CIKCU3} CFKAV} COMD lBOK 8> COMXOURTOT. 0004 Lmn/l’CK DLLIOKATID unit O» LiiXliirTCK GROUP I^ITH LAM30H CIMTI G PSnUUL WUTTOH WLA^a GO^s^aCK two to CIABCH FOR BAIUURT KIADY TO PROCIO RSPCPT CijMiJlLROK TWO Fi® KJTY 1B05" "FRCiSt OPHAY TO s CXI»CUG lliFOj OCr<LL^COFUKi COMB XTORj C0MAIRIU1F0R; SOMA IBB ASlFORj ClKCAFj COMI DaTI’OHJ xABHU COLORADOjLlXru.’TuH} 1TA3CA; COM/^ MiDIVj COiWT U3 .C> COMIALJLC} C<WOwRTSEH« 0004 uIEH L^ancTOK CROUP iC IK ALL hCLPi^CTO HEADY PROCSKD TO AS • 1ST IK ioa s^cntAi?T plakk coopigatb hiui corxoupTSSi ca-oiuDO akd ITASCA 1200" - 3 - NW 90261  4 July (oootlRued) •fROMj ITA3CA TO J GOMOT U3GG WASIB 6004 TOim 6004 1000 FOR O2G1;STARY MOHGAR’nW; lUVB tSSARCHSD ARM TO KOliTBiAST Gf JlOSLAKD RADIU3 ISO MXL’^a WITH OGATIW! 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"FROld; OJiCFOirtT J.;s< TO : OPiUV • 10 • NW 90261  10 Jiily, 1U37 ( continued) 0316 X'iAJCa C0m,.,.47;D KvG.TJiGnM CILH CONTISUIWO JCOTiAi31M ? 3XB\:KTG G„.X,.;0’r.>3;^ AA .^HSDOLKG to i^TlsaDAY TODAY JiTAinu FKOl^ LAT 0403 MOimJ LGiiG- GHS eldin' KAGST BA >S C3WGS ®:UT 0057” 17 July, 1037 ’’moM: CvAAfOUiiT^rM TO : CPKAV 0017 SWaS ..^AAiiOn CI1«....aT-> liAil R1gLI-;V2:3 X'V;aiiKA DUTY M-U PauCliDIKG PiA^-iLjUmiOK ITASCA RELlGW aJTlA;^ it.POST aAAAlWi .^a;C710n guaj^u how FiiOCBP-Xi^^ Ho^LASP PA LSXitGTOM Y'iJTOMD iY CiWLSTia> FOLLWIMJ ASAA i-ATS 0S30 Aim 0530 HuS'm LOHGS 170 20 ©nd 17S <5 MT TODAYS .-L.a POX-iT vj^ uKXGIH LAT 0100 MORIM LOm 17S 36 J^3T HA..S COURICS 1033" 18 July, 1937< •*yfi0M; O^vUIlTSSK TO : OPMV 0016 *, JTMhUaY bMOT OO...iXL;.iTfiu> ^OU^IAJl. .D F£:AUQ TODAY OLAANiHG VP U.UH 115 ARiU> FouirfSiiiTU riiwoms ooptashtii AMD PROO,AJ1Y KlU- X15J ASSAO TO HORlSiVAfJT OF SA^S OOSO" *i7<0M5 00i©TO0a S TO s COJd 14 0016 uMIICS today SUHDAY Oom.2Tao AJ SOiBlXIlKO 1551" z4 - u - NW 90261 601-64-300 ■ TREASDEY x ?AR3MEST DSITED STATES COAST GUARD Honolulu, T. H., ITASCA 29 July, 1937. From: Conmanding Officer, ITASCA. To : Comandant, 14th Naval District, Pearl Harbor, T.H. (Via Commander, Hawaiian Section.) Subject J Earhart Flight. 1. The following report is submitted herewitji for your informations |S to 23 June, 193?! Enroute to Howland Island. 2056, on the 2Srd raised Howland Is¬ land bearing 90 degrees true, distance 7 miles, stopped and drifted to the westward of the island awaiting daybreak. 24 June, 1937J 0718, closed Island, stopped and drifted. Lowered boats and com¬ menced landing stores and equipment together with gasoline and equip¬ ment for Earhart flight. Completed landing of stores and equipment at Howland Island this date and drifted during night on the lea side of the island, 25 June, 1937: Proceeded to Baker Island where hove to at 0847 and commenced land, ing stores for that island which duty was completed at 1103. 26 to 30 June, 1957: Holding position off and on lee side of Howland Island awaiting arrival of Amelia Earhart plane from Lae, Hew Guinea, During tills period Department of Interior personnel and technical sides st work on runways and precautionary efforts connected with Earhart flight. Organlted task groups for landing and take off duties. 1 July, 1937: 1858, received verification from San Francisco Division that Amelia Earhart Putnam had departed Las, Hew Guinea at noon, Lao time, and was enroute to Howland, 2 July, 1937: Made preparation during night for landing task groups in con¬ nection with plane flight. Vessel in contact with Earhart plane at 0245 and intermittently thereafter. Early reception poor. At 0610 NW 90261 601-64-800. 7/29/3;. ITASCA. Earhart Flight. sent task group ashore to take stations for landing of plane. 0614 Earhart reported position 200 miles out of Howland, Commenced laj'^ing heavy smoke screen at daylight. 0645 Earhart plane reported position 100 miles out. 0742 piano reported apparently over the island and gas running low hut no land fall, 0753, plane reported circling and re¬ quested transmission on 7500 kes for bearings. 0300, plane reported reception of our signals but unable to obtain a minimum for bearing. 0843, plane reported as being on line 157-337 and running north and south, no reference point given, reception excellent. 0900, signalled shore party to return to ship as by this time fears were felt that the Earhart plane had probably landed wide of the island. Landing party returned at 0912. As soon as the plane had indicated that it was still aloft at 0343 ana possibly on a line which would provide a land fall it was deemed ad¬ visable to retain honing p osition at Howland with the vessel for some¬ time on the possibility that the plane might still come in. At 1040, it was definitely assumed that the plane was down so got underway at full speed and commenced the search in the area which at that time seemed most logical. During the last half hour prior to getting underway an estimate of the situation was made based upon the following facts and assuaptionss (a) Flying conditions within a radius of 40 miles of Howland excellent, wind east 8 to 15 miles, ceiling unlimited, sea smooth, (b) Visibility south and east of Howland excellent and unlimited as far as could be observed. Sun rising cleai’ and bright and island, ship and smoke screen in the glare thereof. (c) Visibility north and west of Hofland excellent to horizon but beyond that continuous banks of heavy cumulus clouds. (d) Plane transmissions had indicated flight through cloudy and overcast skies throughout the night and morning. (e) Plane transmissions had indicated ttiat dead reckoning dis¬ tance had been accomplished. (f) Plane signal strength high and unchanged during last hour of transmission. (g) Plane’s line (of position?) indicated dead reckoning run correct. (h) Stellar navigating oossibilities, south and east of Howland and close t.) Howland, were excellent thiojghout the night. NW 90261 601-64-800. 7/29/37. ITASCA. Earhart Flight. 2 Jiily, 1957 cont’dj "ASSUMPTIONS » (a) That plane obtained no fix during latter part of flight due to visibility and assumed further this due to flying in cloudy weather and conditions which did not exist south and east of Howland but did exist north and west. (b) That line of position obtained was a "sun" line obtained when they emerged from the cloudy area north and west of Howland and presum¬ ably the only observation made during the latter part of the flight. Further assumed that this line was correct. (c) Assume that plane may have missed smoke screen, ship or is¬ land visually due to their lying in the glare of the rising sun. (d) Assumed further that plane passed within 200 miles of How¬ land Island and north of it. (e) Assumed that plane may have carried line of position found along line of flight for the period necessary for navigator to work and plot line of position not in excess of 100 miles. (f) Assume plane did not come down within a radius of 40 miles of Howland. Upon foregoing facts and assumptions it was decided that the most logical area of search lay in a sector of a circle between 40 miles and 200 miles off of Howland Island and between bearings 337 and 45 true, from that island. Search was accordingly laid down in accordance with this estimate. The following Department of Interior personnel were left on How¬ land in excess of normal personnel for the purpose of assisting the plane, if, by any chance, it neared the island during the absence of the ITASCA: Ah Kin Leong; Albert K. Akana, Jr.; William Tavares; Carl Kahalewai and Henry Lau. Frank CIPRIANI, Radioman, second class, D.S.C.G.C. was left ashore in charge of high frequency radio direction apparatus to obtain bearings if possible, on the plane. Searching throughout the day to the northward of Howland Island and during the night with searchlights. Extra lookouts posted and all hands on the alert. In addition to the efforts being made -3- NW 90261 601-64-300. 7/29/37. ITASCA. Earhart Flight. 2 July, 1937 conf ds by the ITASCA, suggested to Commander, Hawaiian Section, the desirabil¬ ity of a Navy sea plane search from Pearl Harbor. Received information from the San Francisco Division that there was a possibility that the plane might use radio on the water and further that possibility of float¬ ing a considerable time excellent together with an emergency rubber boat and plenty of emergency rations carried. At 2145 received definite instructions from Commandant, 14th Naval District, to be at Howland Island at daybreak Saturday, 3 July, 1937 to provide tender service for plane which had left Pearl Harbor at 1923. In view of the fact that the plane was already in the air enroute to How¬ land Island there was no alternative other than to abandon the search temporarily for the Earhart plane and proceed as indicated in the above noted orders; course was accordingly changed for Howland Island. Search was still maintained with searchlights. 3 July, 1937: Arrived off Howland at 0710 in accordance with instructions. 0719, received information that Navy plane was turning back to base on account of extremely bad flying weather so resumed search to the northward which continued throughout the day. Received information from San Francisco Division that four separate radio stations at Los Angeles reported receiv¬ ing Earhart position 178 with 1.6 in doubt. In view of possibilities of the plane being able to transmit on ths water as indicated in prior in¬ formation stood west to this latest reported position for ths purpose of proving or disproving the reports which could not consistently be ignored. Maintained search throughout the day. 4 July, 1937: Took up search during the 4th from ISO th meridian towards Howland Island using rectangular search method and continued throughout the day and night. 5 July, 1937: At 0242 received information from Havraiian Section that Naval Radio Station V/ailupe had intercepted the following message; "281 NORTH flOTOAND CALL KliAQQ BEYOND NORTH DONT HOLD WITH US MUCH LONGER ABOVE WATER SHUT OFF". With ths possibility of plane transmission on ths water still existing stood north towards the position Indicated in the foregoing Intercept and ad¬ vised all steamers in the vicinity of the possibility of the plane being down at that point. Contacted Howland Island in an endeavor to obtain a bearing from that point on the reported plane and report from Howland gave a bearing which conformed to the report. Searched to ths northward enroute to reported position of plane. Arrived about dusk broadcasting on plane -4- NW 90261 601-34-300. 7/29/57. ITASCA. Earhart Flight. 5 July, 1937 cont’d; frequencies and using searchlights intermittently for visual signals. At 2100 lights which had the appearance of Slares were sighted to the northward and stood up to investigate. These reported lights had every indication of a bursting green rochet hut were finally determined to be attributed to meteorological shower which was reported both by the How¬ land Island Station and U.S.S. SWAN. At 2315 identified English steamer MOORSBY who had diverted from her normal course to assist in the search. Continued search throughout the night. 6 July, 1957: Proceeded south and east during the night to effect rendezvous with U.S.S. C0L0RA.D0 on the morning of the 7th for fuel purposes. At 1445 re¬ ceived instructions to report for duty to the Commandant, 14th Naval Dis¬ trict, and reported as indicated. At 1545 received instructions from Com¬ mandant, 14th Naval District to report to U.S.S. COLORADO for duty and con¬ formed. 7 July, 1937: Contacted U.S.S. COLORADO at 0445. Closed her at 0633 and 0703 com¬ menced taking fuel by destroyer method. Received from COLORADO commissary stores as requested. While fueling Commanding Officer conferred with Com¬ manding Officer COLORADO relative to search program and the general sit¬ uation up to-date. 1010 Completed fueling from the COLORADO, cast off and stood southward and. westward, for search area outlined in conference. 8 to 10 July, 1937: Searched area south and west of Baker Island in accordance with orders of Commanding Officer U.S.S. COLORADO. 11 July, 1937; 0945 C9MDESR0N TWO in charge of search. Continued search as indi¬ cated in original orders. 2224 received Instructions from COMDESRON TWO to proceed to ARORAI Island in the Gilbert Group and shaping course ac¬ cordingly. 12 July, 1937: Proceeding toward ARORAI Island, Lower Gilberts, to investigate that island and others as Indicated in orders.